Chemistry Practicals Class 11
Systematic Qualitative Analysis of Anions Part-1
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About Simulation
- In this simulation, you will identify anions in any given salt by observing the color and texture of the salt. By examining these visual cues, you can gather valuable information about the composition of the salt, aiding in anionic identification.
- Throughout the series of tests, you will observe chemical reactions taking place.
- Recognizing the significance of preliminary and confirmatory tests, you will conduct them meticulously. Preliminary tests offer initial insights into the salt's composition, while confirmatory tests validate these findings, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results.
- You will heat a salt sample in a dry test tube, initiating specific reactions crucial for analysis. Through this heating process, you can observe changes in the sample's appearance or the liberation of gases, which provide valuable clues about its composition.
- The extraction of anions from the solution occurs in the form of precipitates or gases. By following established protocols, you can selectively precipitate specific anions or observe gas evolution, confirming the presence of certain anionic species in the salt sample.
Simulation Details
Description
Anions are formed by the elements present on the right side of the periodic table, i.e., p-block elements. Most of these p-block elements are electronegative, which means they can accept electrons from other atoms, ions or molecules to form an anion. Anions are negatively charged ions. For example, chloride (Cl–), bromide (Br–), sulphides (S2-), etc. These negatively charged ions can be monoatomic, diatomic or polyatomic, depending on the number of atoms present.
Salts form complete or partial neutralization of an acid with a base or vice-versa. In the formation of a salt, the part contributed by the acid is called an anion, and the part contributed by the base is called a cation. For example, in case of Na2SO4 and KCl, Na+ and K+ ions are cations and (SO4)2- and Cl– ions are anions.
Characteristic tests are carried out to detect the presence of anions in the compound. Tests are of two types: positive and negative. While doing a test, one is concerned with the formation or disappearance of (i) colour, (ii) a precipitate, and (iii) a gas. If a test is done and it gives the same results as given in the procedure, it means that the test is a positive one and shows the presence of a certain radical.
(a) Dry tests
These tests are carried out with a dry solid inorganic mixture. Although dry tests do not lead to very useful conclusions, these furnish certain valuable information that could be helpful later in the correct identification of acidic and basic radicals by wet tests. Following are some dry tests carried out with the salt.
- Physical examination of a salt
- Dry heating test
(b) Wet tests
These are applied to substances in solution by adding a reagent to the solution (original solution) of the substance that is under analysis.
Watch this video to learn more about chemistry.
Requirements for this Science Experiment
- Inorganic salt
- Reagents
- Test tubes
- Test tube holder
- Test tube stand
- Platinum wire loop
- Bunsen burner
- Wire gauze
- Tripod stand
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