Chemistry Practicals Class 11
Purification and Criteria of Purity
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About Simulation
- Through the simulation, you will learn about various types of purification techniques commonly used in chemistry.
- You can delve into the principle behind crystallization. By examining virtual demonstrations and explanations, you will understand how the process of crystallization exploits differences in solubility and temperature to purify substances and obtain highly pure crystals.
- Within the simulation, you can learn about the crystallization technique in detail. Through step-by-step instructions and interactive modules, you will explore the procedures involved in crystallization, including dissolution, precipitation, and crystal growth, enhancing your understanding of this purification method.
- You can learn the procedure to determine the melting point and boiling point of any compound through virtual experiments and simulations.
- Additionally, you will identify the effects of molecular structure, intermolecular forces, and impurities on these properties, deepening your understanding of chemical behaviour and physical properties.
Simulation Details
Description
Recrystallization is a process commonly employed in chemistry to purify solid compounds. The theoretical principle behind recrystallization is based on the differences in solubility between the desired compound and its impurities in a given solvent at different temperatures. This principle relies on several key concepts:
1) Solubility: Different compounds have varying solubilities in different solvents at different temperatures. In recrystallization, a solvent is chosen in which the desired compound is highly soluble at elevated temperatures but only sparingly soluble at lower temperatures, while the impurities ideally remain soluble across all temperatures.
2) Temperature Control: The process involves dissolving the crude solid (containing both desired compound and impurities) in a minimum amount of hot solvent. Heating the mixture increases the solubility of both the desired compound and impurities. As the solution cools, solubility decreases, leading to the precipitation of the desired compound in a purer form. Impurities remain dissolved or form separate crystals due to their differing solubilities.
3) Crystal Formation: The pure compound begins to crystallize out of the solution as it cools, typically forming crystals that are purer than those in the original solid. The impurities are either left in solution or form separate crystals due to their differing solubilities.
4) Seed Crystals: Sometimes, seed crystals of the desired compound can be added to encourage the growth of larger, purer crystals. This helps to obtain crystals with a more uniform size and shape.
5) Filtration: After the crystallization process is complete, the crystals are separated from the remaining solution using techniques such as filtration or centrifugation. The crystals are then washed with a small amount of a suitable solvent to remove any remaining impurities adhering to the crystal surface.
6) Drying: The purified crystals are typically dried to remove any remaining solvent, yielding the final purified compound.
Watch this video to learn more about chemistry.
Requirements for this Science Experiment
- Copper sulphate crystals
- Sand bath
- Beakers
- Spatula
- Glass rod
- China dish
- Alcohol-cold water mixture
- Dil. Sulphuric acid
- Crystallizing dish
- Thiele tube
- Organic compound
- Paraffin oil
- Thermometer
- Capillary tube
- Fusion tube
- Thread
- Stand with a clamp
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