Chemistry Practicals Class 9
Particles of matter attract each other
- Teach science experiments in a gamified way
- Boost conceptual clarity and knowledge retention
- Aligned with National Education Policy 2020
- Helpful in getting NAAC accreditation
- CBSE, ICSE, and state boards aligned curricula
- Engaging simulations with easy-to-teach instructions
About Simulation
- By engaging in this simulation, you will enhance your comprehension of inter-particle attraction across various states of matter, enabling you to conduct experiments virtually and observe particle behaviours without tangible materials.
- You will grasp the concept of inter-particle attraction in solids, liquids, and gases, broadening your understanding of how particles interact within different states.
- Through this experience, you can hone your ability to observe and analyze matter's behaviour under diverse states, facilitating a deeper understanding of its properties.
- Engaging with controlled experiments in this simulation will help you to develop skills in exploring particle attraction phenomena systematically.
Simulation Details
Description
Different materials stick together because of something called “intermolecular force of attraction”. This force can be strong or weak, depending on what the material is. Let’s look at some examples: when you try to break chalk, it breaks easily. Breaking a brick is harder, but the toughest to break are iron nails. This tells us that iron has the strongest attraction between its particles, followed by brick and then chalk.
This force pulls particles together. It’s strongest in solids, which is why they are stable. Gases, on the other hand, can be squished easily because their forces are weak. Liquids are somewhere in between: they stick together more than gases but less than solids, so they are less squishy. There are three states of matter, and below are the descriptions of various states of matter:
1) Solids
- Solids can be defined as a state of matter that has a definite shape and volume and a rigid structure.
- The molecules of solids are tightly packed because of strong intermolecular forces; they only oscillate about their mean positions.
- Solids possess the least compressibility and thermal expansion. For example: Iron (Fe)
2) Liquids
- The molecules in a liquid are closely packed due to weak intermolecular forces.
- These forces are weaker than solids but stronger than that of gases.
- There is much space in between the molecules of liquids which makes their flowing ability easy.
- Liquids can easily acquire the shape of a vessel, and they have a fixed volume.
- Conversion of solids into liquids takes place when we increase the temperature of solids to a point where solids begin to melt.
- Generally, the density of liquid lies between the density of solids and gases. The compressibility and thermal expansion of liquids are slightly higher than that of solids. Example: Water (H2O)
3) Gases
- In this state of matter, distances between the molecules are large (intermolecular distance is in the range of 10-7 – 10-5 cm).
- The intermolecular forces experienced between them are negligible.
- Thus, translatory, rotatory, and vibratory motions are observed prominently in gases.
- Gases do not have any fixed shape or volume.
- They also possess high compressibility and thermal expansion. Example: Oxygen (O2)
Watch this video to learn more about chemistry.
Requirements for this Science Experiment
⦁ Coin ⦁ Pencil ⦁ White paper ⦁ Wooden stick ⦁ Hammer ⦁ Distilled water ⦁ Measuring cylinder ⦁ Beaker ⦁ Conical flask ⦁ Chalk pieces ⦁ Syringes
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